φ Philosophy Schools
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All Philosophy Schools
Explore the various schools of philosophical thought
Aesthetics
Aesthetic Objectivism
The Search for Universal Standards in Beauty
Aesthetic Relativism
Exploring the Subjectivity of Beauty and Art
Expressionism
Art as Emotional and Psychological Expression
Formalism
The Philosophy of Art as Pure Form
Instrumentalism
Understanding the Utility-Driven Approach to Knowledge and Belief
Epistemology
Coherentism
Knowledge as a Web of Interconnected Beliefs
Constructivism
How We Build Our Knowledge of the World
Contextualism
Understanding Knowledge Through Contextual Lenses
Empiricism
Knowledge Through Sensory Experience
Foundationalism
Building Knowledge on Basic Beliefs
Infinitism
The Endless Chain of Reasons
Pragmatism
Truth as What Works in Practice
Rationalism
The Philosophy of Reason as the Primary Source of Knowledge
Reliabilism
Knowledge from Reliable Cognitive Processes
Skepticism
Questioning the Possibility of Knowledge
Ethics And Moral Philosophy
Care Ethics
Morality Based on Relationships and Interdependence
Contractarianism
The Philosophy of Social Contracts and Mutual Agreements
Deontology
Morality Based on Rules and Duties
Divine Command Theory
Morality from the Almighty's Mandate
Ethical Egoism
The Philosophy of Self-Interest
Moral Nihilism (Error Theory)
Questioning the Existence of Moral Truths
Moral Realism
Exploring the Nature of Moral Facts
Moral Relativism
Morality Varies Between Cultures and Contexts
Utilitarianism
The Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number
Virtue Ethics
Cultivating Character and Moral Excellence
General And Metaphilosophy
Analytic Philosophy
The Logical Lens for Philosophical Inquiry
Continental Philosophy
Exploring the Rich and Diverse Landscape of Continental Thought
Existentialism
Confronting the Human Condition and Finding Meaning
Postmodernism
Challenging Grand Narratives and Universal Truths
Pragmatism
A Practical Philosophy for the Real World
Process Philosophy
Understanding Change as the Core of Reality
Structuralism
Decoding the Underlying Structures of Meaning
Logic And Language
Analytic Philosophy
Unpacking Logic and Language to Understand Reality
Continental Philosophy
Exploring the Rich Tapestry of European Thought
Logical Positivism
Verifying Meaning Through Scientific Observation
Ordinary Language Philosophy
Exploring the nuances of everyday language in philosophical thought
Post-Structuralism
Deconstructing the Structures of Meaning.
Semiotics
The Study of Signs and Meaning-Making
Structuralism
Understanding the Frameworks of Reality
Metaphysics And Ontology
Anti-Realism
Reality as Dependent on Mental Activity
Dualism
Exploring the Mind-Body Division in Philosophy
Idealism
Understanding the Philosophy of the Mind's Reality
Materialism/Physicalism
All That Exists is Physical
Monism
The Unity of All Existence
Nominalism
Only Particular Objects Exist, Not Universals
Phenomenalism
The World as Collections of Sense Experiences
Platonism
Exploring the Realm of Forms and the Foundation of Western Philosophy
Realism
The Philosophy of Mind-Independent Reality
Mind And Consciousness
Behaviorism
Understanding Human Behavior Through Observable Actions
Dual-Aspect Theory
Bridging the Gap Between Mind and Matter
Eliminative Materialism
Dismissing Folk Psychology for Neuroscience
Functionalism
Mental States Defined by Their Functional Role
Idealism (Philosophy of Mind)
Reality as Mental Constructs
Identity Theory
Understanding the Mind-Body Connection
Panpsychism
Exploring the Notion that Consciousness is a Fundamental Aspect of Reality
Phenomenology
The Study of Conscious Experience
Non Western Philosophical Schools
Advaita Vedanta
Explore the profound non-dualistic philosophy that transcends the illusion of separation.
Buddhism (Philosophical)
The Path of Liberation Through Understanding
Charvaka (Materialism)
The Doctrine of Here and Now
Confucianism
Virtue Ethics in Social Harmony
Jain Philosophy
The Ancient Path of Non-Violence and Self-Discipline
Legalism
Understanding the Structure and Influence of Legalism in Chinese Philosophy
Mohism
A Philosophical School of Universal Love and Pragmatism
Nyaya School
A Logical Approach to Understanding Reality
Samkhya
The Philosophical Dance of Duality and Evolution
Taoism
Living in Harmony with the Natural Way
Political Philosophy
Anarchism
A Society Without Hierarchical Authority
Communitarianism
A philosophy that promotes the community as a central unit for understanding and evaluating social and political life.
Conservatism
Balancing Tradition with Stability in the Ever-Changing World
Critical Theory
Unpacking Power and Society Through a Critical Lens
Feminist Political Philosophy
Rethinking Power and Justice Through the Lens of Gender Equality
Liberalism
Individual Liberty and Equal Rights
Libertarianism
Unraveling the Philosophy of Individual Liberty and Minimal Government
Marxism
Revolutionizing society through class struggle and the abolishment of capitalism.
Republicanism
A political philosophy rooted in liberty, civic virtue, and opposition to corruption.
Religious And Spiritual Philosophy
Agnosticism
The Philosophical Position of Not Knowing
Atheism
The Philosophical Rejection of God's Existence
Deism
God as Creator Who Doesn't Intervene
Mysticism
Direct Experience of Ultimate Reality
Natural Theology
Understanding God Through Reason and Nature
Pantheism
God as Identical with Nature and the Universe
Theism
Belief in the Existence of God(s)